深海立管相互碰撞的响应面法研究

针对深海立管在理想环境和外部水环境中发生碰撞的情况,从立管碰撞最大径向位移和应力峰值两方面展开研究,充分利用ABAQUS仿真得到的数据,基于数值模拟和回归分析,提出四因素三水平的立管碰撞响应面分析方法。采用Design-Expert软件的BOX设计,对立管的非线性碰撞过程中的碰撞应力峰值和最大径向位移等两个试验指标进行回归分析并分别建立二次响应面回归模型。通过将响应面分析所得最优化解与有限元计算结果的对比,最终验证了响应面分析方法及所得模型的准确性。     

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacterial community composition and screening for facultative sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine corrosive steel

Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However,as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for dif ferent periods(i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen,China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time; abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria(CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen,and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition,and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location; the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera,accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional six facultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio(four strains), Staphylococcus(one strain),and Photobacterium(one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.     

An Improved Method of Predicting Drag Anchor Trajectory Based on the Finite Element Analyses of Holding Capacity

Drag anchor is one of the most commonly used anchorage foundation types. The prediction of embedded trajectory in the process of drag anchor installation is of great importance to the safety design of mooring system. In this paper, the ultimate anchor holding capacity in the seabed soil is calculated through the established finite element model, and then the embedded motion trajectory is predicted applying the incremental calculation method. Firstly, the drag anchor initial embedded depth and inclination angle are assumed, which are regarded as the start embedded point. Secondly, in each incremental step, the incremental displacement of drag anchor is added along the parallel direction of anchor plate, so the displacement increment of drag anchor in the horizontal and vertical directions can be calculated. Thirdly, the finite element model of anchor is established considering the seabed soil and anchor interaction, and the ultimate drag anchor holding capacity at new position can be obtained. Fourthly, the angle between inverse catenary mooring line and horizontal plane at the attachment point at this increment step can be calculated through the inverse catenary equation. Finally, the incremental step is ended until the angle of drag anchor and seabed soil is zero as the ultimate embedded state condition, thus, the whole embedded trajectory of drag anchor is obtained. Meanwhile, the influences of initial parameter changes on the embedded trajectory are considered. Based on the proposed method, the prediction of drag anchor trajectory and the holding capacity of mooring position system can be provided.     

卡尔曼滤波在卫星红外、微波海表温度数据融合中的应用

卫星红外波段测量海表温度具有空间分辨率高的优点,但受云的影响而导致数据空间覆盖率低;微波辐射计具有全天候、穿透性优势,但空间分辨率低,而且近岸区域受到陆地电磁波的干扰,不能反演有效的海表温度.由于单一卫星传感器获取的数据存在一定的局限性和差异性,因此根据不同卫星传感器的特点,将红外、微波传感器卫星数据进行数据融合具有重要的实际应用意义.卡尔曼滤波是一种最优化自回归数据处理算法,本文将卡尔曼滤波法应用于红外和微波卫星海表温度数据融合研究,给出全天候、高分辨率的海表温度.研究区域为西北太平洋区域:10°N～50°N,105°E～145°E,研究数据时间为2008年3月.     

海洋药用生物系列HPLC化学指纹图谱研究Ⅱ——传统中药柽柳的HPLC化学指纹图谱初步研究

首次采用RP-HPLC方法建立了柽柳的参考指纹图谱。所建立的指纹图谱精密度、重现性、稳定性良好,RSD值5%。指纹图谱中共标示出29个共有峰,划分为5个特征谱带Ⅰ～Ⅴ。在指纹图谱的应用中,运用建立的指纹图谱共有峰相对保留时间参数,对商品柽柳药材进行了鉴别分析,证明所建立的参考指纹图谱可用于药材柽柳的真伪鉴别。     

台风对GPS连续观测站天线相位中心影响研究

台风对于天线相位中心的影响有两种:一是因风力的作用产生偏移,台风过后即恢复原状;二是永久变形。在GPS数据处理时,第二种变形应尽量避免。对比福建地壳运动观测网络中的圆锥体与半球体两种天线罩,分析其相位中心在台风前后的变化情况,对台风对其影响作出初步评估。     

中国珊瑚礁资源状况及其药用研究调查 Ⅰ.珊瑚礁资源与生态功能

对中国珊瑚礁生物物种组成、资源状况、分布特征及其生态功能进行了调查和评价.中国珊瑚礁主要分布在中国南海诸岛海域和唬南、广东、广西、福建、台湾等近岸海域.中国造礁石珊瑚已记录21科,56属295种,对珊瑚礁生态系统结构与生态功能的维持具有重要作用.八放珊瑚亚纲中柳珊瑚已记录7科,28属,75种,软珊瑚有6科,23属,113种,是现代海洋药物研究的热点生物资源.中国珊瑚礁具有造礁与消波护岸、维持珊瑚礁生态系统和生物多样性、提供生物资源和材料、生物地球化学与科学研究、文化教育与生态旅游等多种生态功能与价值.     

海洋药用生物系列HPLC化学指纹图谱研究 Ⅱ.三斑海马HPLC化学指纹图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法建立三斑海马的参考指纹图谱.运用DAD-Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm;5.0 μm),乙腈-0.1%磷酸水流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长200 nm,参比波长360 nm,柱温30 ℃.结果显示建立的指纹图谱包含11个共有峰,方法的精密度、重现性和稳定性试验RSD值均小于5.0%.研究表明所建立的三斑海马的参考指纹图谱可用于药材的真伪鉴别.     

海萝藻(Gloiopeltis furcata)多糖的提取分离及其结构表征

以海萝藻(Gloiopeltis furcata)为原料,依次经冷水、热水和热碱溶液提取,从中获得了3种多糖(GFW,GFH和GFA),其得率分别为57.9%,2.5%和2.6%。运用气相色谱法(GC)、高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)、红外光谱(IR)及核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)等方法对其单糖组成、分子量以及结构进行了分析。结果表明,GFW和GFH都只含有D-半乳糖(Gal)和3,6-内醚-L-半乳糖(AnG),而GFA除了含有Gal和AnG外,还有木糖;3种多糖的分子量分别为22.6 kD,26.5 kD和49.8 kD;硫酸基含量分别为31.2%,25.1%,22.7%。IR和13C-NMR数据均表明其硫酸基在半乳糖残基C6位。结论:海萝藻中多糖均为硫酸多糖,其中2种为硫琼胶,另一种为含有木糖的硫酸半乳聚糖。     

中国红树林资源状况及其药用研究调查 Ⅰ.生态功能与价值

对中国红树林生态功能和生态价值进行了评价.结果表明,中国红树林具有6项主要生态功能,包括提供生物栖息地,维护湿地生态系统,提供生物资源和材料,预防和减少风浪灾害,促淤保滩与造陆,净化大气与海洋环境和维护海岸景观;其生态价值体现在10 个方面,主要有保持土壤价值(46.45%),消波护岸价值(40.01%),文化与科研价值(4.01%),生物资源生产价值(2.79%)等,总生态价值484.16×106美元.本文首次对中国红树林总体生态价值进行了评估.